Coal in a Nutshell

Coal in a Nutshell Coal is a tremendously significant petroleum product that has been utilized for many years in industry. It is comprised of natural parts; explicitly, plant matter that has been covered in an anoxic, or non-oxygenated, condition and packed more than a large number of years.â Fossil, Mineral or Rock? Since it is natural, coal opposes the typical norms of characterization for rocks, minerals, and fossils:â A fossil is any proof of life that has been safeguarded in rock. The plant remains that make up coal have been pressure cooked for many years. In this manner, it isn't exact to state that they have been preserved. Minerals are inorganic, normally happening solids. While coal is a normally happening strong, it is made out of natural plant material.Rocks are, obviously, comprised of minerals.â Converse with a geologist, however, and theyll reveal to you that coal is a natural sedimentary stone. Despite the fact that it doesnt in fact meet the models, it would seem that a stone, feels like a stone and is found between sheets of (sedimentary) rock. So for this situation, it is a rock.â Geography isnt like science or material science with their ardent and reliable standards. It is an Earth science; and like the Earth, topography is brimming with special cases to the rule.â State lawmakers battle with this point also: Utah and West Virginia list coal as theirâ official state rockâ while Kentucky named coal itsâ state mineralâ in 1998.â Coal: the Organic Rock Coal varies from each other sort of rock in that it is made of natural carbon: the real remains, not simply mineralized fossils, of dead plants. Today, most by far of dead plant matter is devoured by fire and rot, restoring its carbon to the climate as the gas carbon dioxide. At the end of the day, it is oxidized. The carbon in coal, be that as it may, was saved from oxidation and stays in an artificially decreased structure, accessible for oxidation. Coal geologists study their subject a similar way that different geologists study different rocks. Be that as it may, rather than discussing the minerals that make up the stone (in light of the fact that there are none, only bits of natural issue), coal geologists allude to the parts of coal asâ macerals. There are three gatherings of macerals:â inertinite, liptinite, and vitrinite. To misrepresent an unpredictable subject, inertinite is commonly gotten from plant tissues, liptinite from dust and tars, and vitrinite from humus or separated plant matter. Where Coal Formed The well-known adage in geography is that the present is the way in to the past. Today, we can discover plant matter being saved in anoxic spots: peat swamps like those of Ireland or wetlands like the Everglades of Florida. Furthermore, sufficiently sure, fossil leaves and wood are found in some coal beds. Along these lines, geologists have since quite a while ago accepted that coal is a type of peatâ created by the warmth and weight of profound internment. The geologic procedure of transforming peat into coal is called coalification. Coal beds are a whole lot bigger than peat marshes, some of them many meters in thickness, and they happen everywhere throughout the world. This says the antiquated world more likely than not had huge and seemingly perpetual anoxic wetlands when the coal was being made.â Geologic History of Coal While coal has been accounted for in rocks as old as Proterozoic (potentially 2 billion years) and as youthful as Pliocene (2 million years of age), the extraordinary dominant part of the universes coal was set down during the Carboniferous Period, a 60-million-year stretch (359-299 m.y.a.) when ocean level was high and woods of tall plants and cycads developed in enormous tropical bogs. The way to protecting the backwoods dead issue was covering it. We can determine what occurred from the stones that encase the coal beds: there are limestones and shales on top, set down in shallow oceans, and sandstones underneath set somewhere near waterway deltas. Clearly, the coal swamps were overwhelmed by advances of the ocean. This permitted shale and limestone to be saved on them. The fossils in the shale and limestone change from shallow-water life forms to profound water species, at that point back to shallow structures. At that point sandstones show up as waterway deltas advance into the shallow oceans and another coal bed is set down on top. This pattern of rock types is known as a cyclothem. Many cyclothems happen in the stone grouping of the Carboniferous. Just one reason can do that - a long arrangement of ice ages raising and bringing down the ocean level. Also, sufficiently sure, in the district that was at the south post during that time, the stone record shows bountiful proof of ice sheets. That situation has never repeated, and the coals of the Carboniferous (and the accompanying Permian Period) are the undisputed heroes of their sort. It has been contended that around 300 million years back, some growth species advanced the capacity to process wood, and that was the finish of the extraordinary time of coal, albeit more youthful coal beds do exist. A genome concentrate in Science gave that hypothesis more help in 2012. On the off chance that the wood was insusceptible to decay before 300 million years prior, at that point maybe anoxic conditions were not generally essential. Evaluations of Coal Coal comes in three principle types or evaluations. Initially, the damp peat is pressed and warmed to shape an earthy colored, delicate coal called lignite. Simultaneously, the material discharges hydrocarbons, which move away and inevitably become oil. With more warmth and weight lignite discharges more hydrocarbons and turns into the higher-grade bituminous coal. Bituminous coal is dark, hard and generally dull to gleaming in appearance. Still more noteworthy warmth and weight yields anthracite, the most noteworthy evaluation of coal. All the while, the coal discharges methane or gaseous petrol. Anthracite, a gleaming, hard dark stone, is about unadulterated carbon and ignites with extraordinary warmth and little smoke.â On the off chance that coal is exposed to at present more warmth and weight, it turns into a changeable stone as the macerals at last take shape into a genuine mineral, graphite. This tricky mineral despite everything consumes, except it is considerably more valuable as a grease, a fixing in pencils and different jobs. Still progressively important is the destiny of profoundly covered carbon, which at conditions found in the mantle is changed into another crystalline structure: precious stone. Be that as it may, coal most likely oxidizes well before it can get into the mantle, so no one but Superman could play out that stunt.

Moby Dick Book Report Free Essays

Oedipus The King Essay Example for Free

Oedipus The King Essay Oedipus is composed as a play, there is no storyteller, Sophocles clarifies the story line and afterward runs the story into dramatist. I like this perspective since it can here and there be all the more obvious to the peruser. There are numerous perspectives in this play. That is there are a wide range of people tended to this dramatist. In this way there are a wide range of perspectives. I feel that Oedipus by and large talks instead of a storyteller, since he is the fundamental character. I accept he communicates a portion of the things that Sophocles is attempting to state to the crowd. A case of this is the point at which he says: Speak out, address every one of us. I lament for these, my kin, unquestionably more that I dread for my own life. (Sophocles, 395) I believe that Sophocles is attempting to get individuals to talk their own psyche, meet up, and build up a network. He is stating this through Oedipus. Oedipus experiences numerous changes. He experiences a condition of guiltlessness or obliviousness, at that point through a condition of refusal lastly a condition of acknowledgment and blame. All through these various stages throughout his life, he uncovers to his crowd who he truly is. Oedipus accepting he is honest is a piece of the structure in this play. Oedipus has gone to the position of royalty of Thebes by explaining the Riddle of the Sphinx. There is a plague upon Thebes which Oedipus wants to recuperate. Creon comes back to the royal residence after his visit to the Pythian House of Phoebus, a prophet. The prophet has said that the best way to fix the ailment in Thebes is to discover the man whom murdered Laius, the past lord of Thebes. Odeipus attempts to find the killer and solicitations that the killer approach and guarantees that as opposed to being murdered, he will be expelled from Thebes. On the off chance that any man approaches with the killer he will be compensated and if any blameworthy man is found and has not admitted, the killer will be exiled from all parts of society. Tiresias, a matured, dazzle prophet is brought to Oedipus to uncover the killer. Tiresias says that Oedipus unconsciously murdered Laius. Doubting this, Oedipus censures Creon for plotting this against him to pick up the throneâ of Thebes. Tiresias expresses his honesty and before he leaves the royal residence, he gives Oedipus a conundrum: The killer appeared to be an outsider is actually a local to Theban, was once poor and now is rich, is the sibling of his kids and the offspring of his significant other, the beneficiary to his dads bed and the reason for his dads demise. The structure in this piece of the play, plays into the specific development of the plot. Presently Creon goes to the royal residence subsequent to knowing about Oedipus charges against him. Oedipus addresses Creon with regards to why Tiresias didnt approach when the underlying examination of Laius passing occured. Creon says he is content with his situation in court and wants to take the position of authority from Oedipus. He discloses to Oedipus that for evidence he can go to the prophet at Pytho and inquire as to whether Creon is coming clean. Jocasta, Oedipus spouse, reveals to him that a prophet came to Laius saying that he would bite the dust by the hand of his kid. Learning this Laius has his infant child tied at the lower legs and removed to be murdered. She says that Laius was murdered by burglars on his way to the prophet at Delphi at where three streets meet. The substance of this play is that of Greek catastrophe, child of Laius, lord of Thebes, and his better half, Jocasta. Laius had been cautioned by a prophet that he was destined to be executed by his own child; he in this manner relinquished Oedipus on a mountainside. The child was saved, nonetheless, by a shepherd and brought to the ruler of Corinth, who embraced him. At the point when Oedipus is developed, he gains from the prophet that he would execute his dad and wed his mom. He fled Corinth to get away from this destiny, accepting his non-permanent parents to be his genuine guardians. At a junction Oedipus experienced Laius(his father), and slaughtered him. He proceeded to Thebes, where the Sphinx was talking and all who couldn't unravel her puzzle. Oedipus addressed it accurately thus he won the bereft sovereigns hand(his mother). The prediction was satisfied. Two children, Polynices and Eteocles, and two girls, Antigone and Ismene, were destined to the accidentally forbidden pair. At the point when a plague plunged on Thebes, a prophet pronounced that the best way to free the place where there is its disease was to remove the killer of Laius. Through a progression of excruciating disclosures, the lord took in reality and in a misery of awfulness blinded himself. His little girls, Antigone and Ismene, are left in the hands of Kreon, who ends up being a genuine companion of Oedipus. The substance of this play with respect to time is that the time wasnt quite certain, however it says that Sophocles lived from 496-406 BC. The spot then again is quite certain, it presents you saying: The imperial place of Thebes. Swinging doors command the exterior, a stone special stepped area remains at the focal point of the stage. Numerous years have gone since Oedipus has unraveled the conundrum of the Sphinx and rose the honored position of Thebes, and now a plague has struck the city. A parade of ministers enters ¦(Sophocles, 392) I feel that this presentation drives the peruser into a universe of interest. We truly dont recognize what will happen to Oedipus, all we know is there is a plague over the town that Oedipus must take care of. This leads the peruser into Oedipus phases of blamelessness or obliviousness, disavowal lastly coerce. The substance in the decision of setting influences the subject since it makes this story increasingly acceptable, in a period new to us, quite a while in the past.

Features of Symbolism, setting and conflict used in Woman Hollering Creek” - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1808 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Woman hollering Creek written by Sandra Cisneros is a short story that is very interesting because it narrates the destruction of a woman’s dreams called Cleofilas. It begins when she is given into marriage to Juan Pedro while her father telling her that, â€Å"there is no time I will abandon you because I am your father† (Cisneros, 50). Before her marriage, she had grown up with only her dad, the six-good-for nothing brothers and no mother. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Features of Symbolism, setting and conflict used in Woman Hollering Creek†" essay for you Create order Owing to the fact that there was no woman around her during the time she was growing up, she has to learn how to be a woman only through watching telenovelas on the TV. The telenovelas help her learn that she should expect passion to fill her heart and her life which will bring her great love into her life and guide her to â€Å"do what is supposed to be done, must be done, and at all costs† (Cisneros, 51). This makes her create a belief that life needs to be that way because when one suffers from love, it is good and makes one good because the pain goes with sweat in the end. This story has however used features like conflict, symbolism and setting to bring out the theme of suffering that Cleofilas passes through and it is described below in details. The setting of the story Woman Hollering creek takes place in both Texas and Mexico. The setting in this story is equally important because Cleofilas lived in a small town in Mexico where she had only six brothers and her father who looked after her (Payant, 95). The only thing that inspired her from this small town was the telenovela that was usually shown on the TV, and this made her get the belief that her life would be exactly as what used to take place in the telenovela. Cleofilas decided to marry Juan Pedro while in Mexico and moves to his place in Texas and she leaves her six brothers and her father in Mexico. According to Payant (95), after moving to Texas, she discovers that she did a mistake when she chose to marry Pedro but she had had a baby with him. She has to take responsibility of the child that is on the way as a mother and the best for it or stay make another decision of staying with her lover Pedro and get beaten by him constantly. The setting of this story was very important because it created the direction of the story and the way things were unfolding before Cleofilas.   As Brady (122) puts it, the places of this story showed a long road for her and everything that transpired along the way, which had its own meaning. Therefore, the borderland’s center is Woman Hollering Creek and it is in this place that the story unfolds. Cleofilas refers to Mexico as â€Å"a town of dust, despair and gossip† on the other side that is very similar to a Texan town called Seguin. Seguin was another town full of gossip except the fact that while in her father’s town in Mexico, she was very safe from the physical harm she was receiving on this other side. Therefore, the creek called Woman Hollering Creek is located in central Texas and at a certain time, it crosses the interstate between San Antonio Texas and Seguin Texas. The setting is also equally important because it describes the real environment surrounding Cleofilas, what she faces and the situations and hardship she passes through. For example, when she describes in her imagination â€Å"the same house as always, nothing new†¦ the faded housecoat was just in the same position where she had left it in the bathroom.† The description of her house showed the level of difficulty that she was passing through (Brady, 122). Additionally, the setting brings the picture of the environment with activities take place within the surroundings in the story. When the writer describes the town, in which Cleofilas was, as â€Å"a silly town full of pride and despair, there was nothing interesting where she was standing, only a TV repair shop, a drugstore, dry cleaners, hardware, empty store fronts, bail bonds, liquor store and nothing else of great interest (Jaynearose). It is true from the description that the town has nothing good to attract the e yes. However, it is touching to see Cleofilas describe it as a city build so that all women have to depend on their husbands entirely. No place to go in the city except to a neighboring lady’s house, but the rest of the time is solitary, on one side and the other side is Dolores. In story of Woman Hollering Creek, Cisneros has used several symbolisms to portray and demonstrate how women are powerless whenever trapped in a relationship that is very abusive to them. According to Doyle (55), the best symbolism used in this story is the telenovela, which was mainly an indication of Cleofilas’ life. She thought that her life would be like the flow of the telenovela that used to be shown on the TV. The contrast occurred because the episodes in her own telenovela were getting sadder with hardly any commercials between her episodes of life that would have brought comic relief and probably a happy conclusion. In spite of all these, she constantly made excuses about her husband and falsely convincing herself that as much as there were many abuses in her life like being beaten by her husband, things would soon get better. Originally, the word creek is in itself a symbolic word that meant a road that had not been taken by Cleofilas when she decided to staying in t he relationship where she suffered physical and emotional abuse. However, the origin of the creek is not known, it is still a mystery and most probably frightening just as the road that not taken. Additionally, there exist a number of symbols in woman hollering creek which Cisneros used as a helper in plotting the story line in addition to creating a literature impression in the story. For example, â€Å"the borders of all kinds† is a symbolic statement in the Woman Hollering Creek. It does not necessarily mean the physical border between US Texas and Mexico. In one perspective, it means linguistic borders that confine Cleofilas within a particular cocoon, like the gender and cultural borders. This is evidenced when she said, â€Å"this city is built in a way that women have to depend on men entirely† (Doyle, 57). In another perspective, the borders of all kinds means the border of confinement of past traditions, that restricted the actions of women and the violent poverty that encounters her and forces her to change her view on what is freedom and what is confining.   However, most of these borders were self-imposed, while others were imposed by the society, b ut both the borders despite their imposition were just as strong as a brick fence. In clear interpretation of the name creek, in the Woman Hollering Creek, is a border on its own in symbolic terms. Like instead of saying the word ‘Holler’, it can be translated as ‘yell’ in a deeper translation which means weep (Doyle, 55). Moreover, this symbolic border is so powerful, however natural it may seem. It is stronger than the passing of the creek and a representation of what it does to the surrounding nature with comparison to Cleofilas’ heartless and poor life that she faces away from the creek. In Mexico, the ice house was like a church where Cleofilas could meet with other women and gossip or as she described it, â€Å"engage in huddled whispering.† However, while she was in the United States in Texas, which was her marital home, the gossiping used to begin at sunset at the icehouse, the only difference is that in this new place, she had to sit and mute beside their conversation. Additionally, the laughter at the end of the sto ry was a symbolic of long awaited freedom finally achieved, the incredible feeling that one experiences when she/he attains the long awaited freedom. Sandra Cisneros uses conflicts to show several perspectives including Cleofilas’ expectations as contrasted with what happens in reality. As Phan (32) puts it, all she had ever wanted was a successful conclusion in her life, a loving husband and a pretty house, having sweet children around her and anything interesting that she had seen on the telenova. Never had the slightest though wink up her mind that things change in life, her conflict was what she wanted was not coming, a happy life is what she had thought all her life. In this story of Woman Hollering Creek, conflict is used to display the harsh realities of the patriarch world that Cleofilas finds herself in. she was silenced by the ways of this patriarch world but finally found her voice in the end. The writer brings out the conflict of Cleofilas, which is not only with her cruel and abusive husband, but also with the patriarch world (Doyle, 66). According to her, the world seemed to say that whatever was happening to her was okay and one day she will get what she expects in life. It is really a conflict within her heart for she has to keep on loving her husband that was betraying and abusive just to maintain the expectations of the patriarchal society. In addition to that, conflict is depicted in the viewpoint of Pedro’s understanding of marriage. In fact, it is the major source of conflict in the story of â€Å"woman hollering creek† as a result of adopting patriarchy (Phan, 34). Pedro adopted patriarchal rules where he was the head of the family and the final decision maker in the house, an issue that constantly broke out domestic violence in their marriage with Cleofilas. The domestic violence was as severe as explained by Cisneros, â€Å"when he came home and slapped her once, twice†¦ until her cheek split and bled, she did not fight back, neither did she run away as she had earlier imagined.† She is again faced with the conflict of making a hard decision as to whether she should escape with her child to Mexico so that she takes care of her or she should remain in her marital home and continue to face the cruelty of her husband. In conclusion, Cleofilas always saw herself as a woman who would have a destiny like the ones she used to view on the TV. She was however not given an imperfect storyline and she kept hoping things would change and turn out to be better. Cisneros has used epiphany, conflict, symbolism and setting to bring out the image of harsh realities that Cleofilas faced in â€Å"Woman Hollering Creek†.   The features bring out the real picture of the patriarch world unlike her expectations in life, which was part of her major conflicts.

Theme Of Naturalism In F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Awakening

The Declaration of Independence declares that all men are â€Å"endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights† which enables all people to retain the freedom that they have all been born with. Since the foundation of the United States, the founding fathers sought to give all people the freedom that were denied to them by the oppressive, English government. The â€Å"rights† that the founding fathers mentioned were first only available for a small, privileged group of white males, but it eventually grows to encompass all different kinds of people. During the movement of naturalism, Kate Chopin highlights the injustice that women experiences in society by writing The Awakening. Langston Hughes draws attention to African Americans’ struggles†¦show more content†¦The house on the Esplanade Street represents Edna’s action towards freedom by finding a home for herself, not for her family. Edna gradually moves away from the traditional womanâ €™s role as a wife and mother to becoming an independent woman that makes her own decisions in life. Kate Chopin also uses the symbol of Edna Pontelliers death to further illustrate the closing of gaps between gender. Before Edna Pontellier was fully submerged, â€Å"she thought of Leonce and the children. They were a part of her life. But they need not have thought that they could possess her, body, and soul†(95). Her final thoughts reveal that women were beginning to come to the realization that no one owns them and that they do not have to follow societal expectations. The decision to take her own life was one made entirely for herself in order to gain peace without the interference of society. Furthermore, Edna’s death serves as a symbol of freedom and a call to action by sending the message that women should live the way they want to. The idea of rights for women dates back to as early as 1848 when The Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions was written and continues to persist in the modern world. Women today be grateful for the determination of the women who comes before them to ensure the rights that they have now. The Harlem Renaissance shows the closure of racial divisions in the American identity as

Alexander Graham Bell Has Changed The Way Our World

Alexander Graham Bell Have you ever thought about life what life was like when communication was hard? If you were far away from someone you would either have to write or walk, and both of those would take a long time to get a message somewhere. The introduction of the telephone changed the way our world worked. If you have used a phone anytime in your life, and almost everyone has, you need to thank the creator, Alexander Graham Bell. Alexander Graham Bell has changed the way our world works, thanks to his many famous and important inventions. On March 3, 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland, Alexander Bell, the teacher of the deaf and Scottish-born American inventor was born. Alexander’s middle name â€Å"Graham† was not added until he was about ten years old. He added his middle name because he also wanted one like his brothers. His father gave him his middle name as his birthday present. He was the middle child and both of his brothers passed away from tuberculosis later in his life. Tuberculosis is a fatal disease that attacks the lungs. His grandfather was an elocution professor and his father was an expert on elocution and the mechanics of the voice. Elocution is the art of public speaking. He was homeschooled for most of his life by his mother and he got one year of schooling at a private school and two years at Edinburgh High School. His mother was nearly deaf and was a very talented piano player and painter which inspired him to do big things in his lifetime. Bell also knewShow MoreRelatedA Brief Biography of Alexander Graham Bell Essay example1345 Words   |  6 Pagescellphones, and without his invention of the telephone, there would never be cellphones, and the way we communicate with the world would be entirely different. (Pewresarch) Michael Hart’s book The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History ranks Alexander Graham Bell as the forty second most influential person in history and he is one of the most influential persons in history. 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It has shown that all you need in order to make something great of your life is grit, spit, and determination. Decade after decade, century after century, America has continually astounded the international community with its creative and forward-thinking might. With many of the most commonly used pieces of technology having their origins in the United States, it is safe to say that every generation of America has changed the world with their brilliantRead MoreThe Evolution of the Telephone991 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans were changed during this time period from 17th century. The Industrial Revolution shaped the U.S. into what it was today. One invention in particular was the te lephone; its technological advances throughout the years have continued to explore the imagination. Since its inception, the telephone has become one of the most important inventions of all time. 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Deferred Action For Childhood Arrivals Example For Students

Deferred Action For Childhood Arrivals Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) is an executive order signed by President Obama in June 2012. DACA is a federal immigration policy that concerns illegal, undocumented immigrants that have that arrived in the United States prior to their 16th birthday, have been in the country since June 2007, and are under the age of 31 years old. Under DACA, eligible individuals are permitted to receive a renewable work permit, lasting two years, and to be exempt from deportation—under the condition that these individuals are lawful and either attending an educational institution, a high school graduate or currently serving or honorably discharged from the military. The policy does not officially allow for these immigrants to become American citizens. However, this policy protects immigrants that did not come to the United States under their own free will as children. Problem identification: In 2012, there was a large social movement from Latino organizations such as, the League of United Latin American Citizens, the Hispanic Federation, the Labor Council for Latin American Advancement, and the Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund. A growing social movement was also developing among young Latinos, forming the groups like United We Dream. The DREAM movement consisted of protesters advocating for their rights as immigrant students. These students called themselves DREAMers—which, stems from the DREAM Act (Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors). The DREAM Act is a legislative bill that was first introduced in Congress in 2001. However, Congress was never able to pass this bill, despite multiple reforms made over the past decade. The DREAM Act s main goal was to protect the rights of immigrant students in the United States by allowing conditional residency and eventually permanent residency. It was also established on the argument that these individuals are law-abiding students that did not come to the United States under their own free will. Proponents of the DREAM Act argued that Immigration Enforcement should not focus deportation efforts on young people who are contributing to society either through the means of education or military service. DREAMers of the Campaign for an American DREAM group participated in various forms of civil protest throughout the United States. In June 2012, DREAM protesters arrived at President Obama’s local campaign headquarters in Denver, Colorado and requested an executive order by the current President to protect illegal, immigrant students—in this instance, some of the protesters initiated a sit-in protest. Other protests that pressed for rights of young Latinos included the Trail of Dreams, a 1,500-mile march from Miami, Florida, to the White House. Anderson (2013) describes a policy problem as, â€Å"†¦a condition or situation that produces needs or dissatisfaction among people and for which relief or redress by governmental action is sought† (p. 82). Thus, problems must be recognized and understood by policy-makers. In the case of DACA, the protests of DREAMers fostered the issue of immigrant rights to the President. Another aspect of problem identification was the consideration of what populations would be affected by DACA. It is evident that California holds a significant percentage of potential DACA recipients; thus, had already established their form of the legal protection for illegal youths called CAL DREAM Act. California passed this state policy in 2011, previous to the signing of DACA. Under the CAL DREAM Act, minors that arrived in the United States before turning 16 years old were permitted to receive student financial aid. California had addressed the problem of immigration rights before the federal executive order was passed as DACA. Furthermore, the Pew Hispanic Research Center, a branch of Pew Research Center estimated that 1.7 million individuals, as of August 2012, would be potentially eligible nationally to apply for protection under DACA. Additionally, 85% of the 1.7 million DACA beneficiaries are Latino (Pew Research Center, 2012). .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 , .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .postImageUrl , .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 , .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2:hover , .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2:visited , .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2:active { border:0!important; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2:active , .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Illegal Immigrants Have Migrated Into Theu.s For Many YearsAgenda Setting: DACA can be understood through Kingdon s policy window theory. The policy window of opportunity allows for certain issues to progress onto policy agenda. Kingdon (1995, p. 152-153): details the convergence of the three streams (problems, proposals, and politics) that produces a policy opportunity: Advocates of a new policy initiative not only take advantage of politically propitious moments but also claim that their proposal is a solution to a pressing problem. Likewise, entrepreneurs concerned about a particular problem search for solutions in the policy stream to couple to their problems, then try to take advantage of political receptivity at certain points in time to push the package of problem and solution. The three components must congregate in order to allow policy to be pushed onto political agendas. But, as Kingdon further illustrates, all three aspects exploit each other throughout this policy window, which in the end benefits all three key players. The first aspect of Kingdon’s policy window theory is the problems. In the case of DACA, the problem of immigrant rights—especially those of young students had been made active to the public and media through social protest. Kingdon explains how policy-makers perceive problems—and one such method is through feedback. The DREAM protests offered a form of feedback to elected officials, specifically President Obama, that illustrated that a large group of individuals were unsatisfied with current conditions. Moreover, Anderson (2013) demonstrates how government only addresses a problem if there is a solution. Thus, another component of the policy window theory is the proposals. Preceding DACA, there was already proposed policy through the DREAM Act. The DREAM Act had first been adopted in 2001. DACA and the DREAM Act are exceedingly similar in nature—both tackle the rights of undocumented, immigrant youths. There are only minute differences between the two policies. The DREAM Act was ultimately the foundation to DACA—with the DREAM Act as a proposed legislative bill of Congress that failed to pass, thus, eventually led to DACA, an executive order by the President. The DREAM Act was an institutional agenda of Congress, as a legislative bill; however, when it was unsuccessful the policy proposal was then shifted onto another institutional agenda, that of the executive branch with DACA. The policy proposal had already been well established when it reached President Obama. As K ingdon argues proposals are often at the ready but remain dormant until problems are identified and political aspects are addressed. How solvable is this Not really addressing the cause of the issue†¦ Politics is the final aspect of Kingdon s policy window theory. President Obama signed DACA in June 2012—the summer before the November Presidential election. As incumbent, President Obama, was up for re-election, it could be argued that he decided to sign DACA in order to receive acknowledgement that he supported efforts made by the young Latino protesters and Latino organizations. The Pew Research Center in December 2011, found that 91% of Latinos in the United States supported the DREAM Act. Consequently, President Obama had motives to ensure Latino votes for the upcoming election. The New York Times (2012) writes, â€Å"The president was facing growing pressure from Latino leaders and Democrats who warned that because of his harsh immigration enforcement, his support was lagging among Latinos who could be crucial voters in his race for re-election.† Although, an executive order does not guarantee permanency, President Obama called it the â€Å"first step† dur ing the announcement of DACA. During this time, public protests were increasing, but it can be argued that these Latino groups also knew that President Obama would more likely enact a policy during his re-election campaign season. There is strong evidence to illustrate that there were multiple conditions that eventually led to the signing of DACA. Protesters understood this was an opportune time to encourage President Obama during his campaign, as it was comprehended that he wanted the Latino votes. President Obama understood that he needed to formally address this impeding issue if he wanted to secure his executive position. Furthermore, the already established proposals addressing this problem, made the formulation of DACA easier to pass.