Coal in a Nutshell

Coal in a Nutshell Coal is a tremendously significant petroleum product that has been utilized for many years in industry. It is comprised of natural parts; explicitly, plant matter that has been covered in an anoxic, or non-oxygenated, condition and packed more than a large number of years.â Fossil, Mineral or Rock? Since it is natural, coal opposes the typical norms of characterization for rocks, minerals, and fossils:â A fossil is any proof of life that has been safeguarded in rock. The plant remains that make up coal have been pressure cooked for many years. In this manner, it isn't exact to state that they have been preserved. Minerals are inorganic, normally happening solids. While coal is a normally happening strong, it is made out of natural plant material.Rocks are, obviously, comprised of minerals.â Converse with a geologist, however, and theyll reveal to you that coal is a natural sedimentary stone. Despite the fact that it doesnt in fact meet the models, it would seem that a stone, feels like a stone and is found between sheets of (sedimentary) rock. So for this situation, it is a rock.â Geography isnt like science or material science with their ardent and reliable standards. It is an Earth science; and like the Earth, topography is brimming with special cases to the rule.â State lawmakers battle with this point also: Utah and West Virginia list coal as theirâ official state rockâ while Kentucky named coal itsâ state mineralâ in 1998.â Coal: the Organic Rock Coal varies from each other sort of rock in that it is made of natural carbon: the real remains, not simply mineralized fossils, of dead plants. Today, most by far of dead plant matter is devoured by fire and rot, restoring its carbon to the climate as the gas carbon dioxide. At the end of the day, it is oxidized. The carbon in coal, be that as it may, was saved from oxidation and stays in an artificially decreased structure, accessible for oxidation. Coal geologists study their subject a similar way that different geologists study different rocks. Be that as it may, rather than discussing the minerals that make up the stone (in light of the fact that there are none, only bits of natural issue), coal geologists allude to the parts of coal asâ macerals. There are three gatherings of macerals:â inertinite, liptinite, and vitrinite. To misrepresent an unpredictable subject, inertinite is commonly gotten from plant tissues, liptinite from dust and tars, and vitrinite from humus or separated plant matter. Where Coal Formed The well-known adage in geography is that the present is the way in to the past. Today, we can discover plant matter being saved in anoxic spots: peat swamps like those of Ireland or wetlands like the Everglades of Florida. Furthermore, sufficiently sure, fossil leaves and wood are found in some coal beds. Along these lines, geologists have since quite a while ago accepted that coal is a type of peatâ created by the warmth and weight of profound internment. The geologic procedure of transforming peat into coal is called coalification. Coal beds are a whole lot bigger than peat marshes, some of them many meters in thickness, and they happen everywhere throughout the world. This says the antiquated world more likely than not had huge and seemingly perpetual anoxic wetlands when the coal was being made.â Geologic History of Coal While coal has been accounted for in rocks as old as Proterozoic (potentially 2 billion years) and as youthful as Pliocene (2 million years of age), the extraordinary dominant part of the universes coal was set down during the Carboniferous Period, a 60-million-year stretch (359-299 m.y.a.) when ocean level was high and woods of tall plants and cycads developed in enormous tropical bogs. The way to protecting the backwoods dead issue was covering it. We can determine what occurred from the stones that encase the coal beds: there are limestones and shales on top, set down in shallow oceans, and sandstones underneath set somewhere near waterway deltas. Clearly, the coal swamps were overwhelmed by advances of the ocean. This permitted shale and limestone to be saved on them. The fossils in the shale and limestone change from shallow-water life forms to profound water species, at that point back to shallow structures. At that point sandstones show up as waterway deltas advance into the shallow oceans and another coal bed is set down on top. This pattern of rock types is known as a cyclothem. Many cyclothems happen in the stone grouping of the Carboniferous. Just one reason can do that - a long arrangement of ice ages raising and bringing down the ocean level. Also, sufficiently sure, in the district that was at the south post during that time, the stone record shows bountiful proof of ice sheets. That situation has never repeated, and the coals of the Carboniferous (and the accompanying Permian Period) are the undisputed heroes of their sort. It has been contended that around 300 million years back, some growth species advanced the capacity to process wood, and that was the finish of the extraordinary time of coal, albeit more youthful coal beds do exist. A genome concentrate in Science gave that hypothesis more help in 2012. On the off chance that the wood was insusceptible to decay before 300 million years prior, at that point maybe anoxic conditions were not generally essential. Evaluations of Coal Coal comes in three principle types or evaluations. Initially, the damp peat is pressed and warmed to shape an earthy colored, delicate coal called lignite. Simultaneously, the material discharges hydrocarbons, which move away and inevitably become oil. With more warmth and weight lignite discharges more hydrocarbons and turns into the higher-grade bituminous coal. Bituminous coal is dark, hard and generally dull to gleaming in appearance. Still more noteworthy warmth and weight yields anthracite, the most noteworthy evaluation of coal. All the while, the coal discharges methane or gaseous petrol. Anthracite, a gleaming, hard dark stone, is about unadulterated carbon and ignites with extraordinary warmth and little smoke.â On the off chance that coal is exposed to at present more warmth and weight, it turns into a changeable stone as the macerals at last take shape into a genuine mineral, graphite. This tricky mineral despite everything consumes, except it is considerably more valuable as a grease, a fixing in pencils and different jobs. Still progressively important is the destiny of profoundly covered carbon, which at conditions found in the mantle is changed into another crystalline structure: precious stone. Be that as it may, coal most likely oxidizes well before it can get into the mantle, so no one but Superman could play out that stunt.

Moby Dick Book Report Free Essays

Oedipus The King Essay Example for Free

Oedipus The King Essay Oedipus is composed as a play, there is no storyteller, Sophocles clarifies the story line and afterward runs the story into dramatist. I like this perspective since it can here and there be all the more obvious to the peruser. There are numerous perspectives in this play. That is there are a wide range of people tended to this dramatist. In this way there are a wide range of perspectives. I feel that Oedipus by and large talks instead of a storyteller, since he is the fundamental character. I accept he communicates a portion of the things that Sophocles is attempting to state to the crowd. A case of this is the point at which he says: Speak out, address every one of us. I lament for these, my kin, unquestionably more that I dread for my own life. (Sophocles, 395) I believe that Sophocles is attempting to get individuals to talk their own psyche, meet up, and build up a network. He is stating this through Oedipus. Oedipus experiences numerous changes. He experiences a condition of guiltlessness or obliviousness, at that point through a condition of refusal lastly a condition of acknowledgment and blame. All through these various stages throughout his life, he uncovers to his crowd who he truly is. Oedipus accepting he is honest is a piece of the structure in this play. Oedipus has gone to the position of royalty of Thebes by explaining the Riddle of the Sphinx. There is a plague upon Thebes which Oedipus wants to recuperate. Creon comes back to the royal residence after his visit to the Pythian House of Phoebus, a prophet. The prophet has said that the best way to fix the ailment in Thebes is to discover the man whom murdered Laius, the past lord of Thebes. Odeipus attempts to find the killer and solicitations that the killer approach and guarantees that as opposed to being murdered, he will be expelled from Thebes. On the off chance that any man approaches with the killer he will be compensated and if any blameworthy man is found and has not admitted, the killer will be exiled from all parts of society. Tiresias, a matured, dazzle prophet is brought to Oedipus to uncover the killer. Tiresias says that Oedipus unconsciously murdered Laius. Doubting this, Oedipus censures Creon for plotting this against him to pick up the throneâ of Thebes. Tiresias expresses his honesty and before he leaves the royal residence, he gives Oedipus a conundrum: The killer appeared to be an outsider is actually a local to Theban, was once poor and now is rich, is the sibling of his kids and the offspring of his significant other, the beneficiary to his dads bed and the reason for his dads demise. The structure in this piece of the play, plays into the specific development of the plot. Presently Creon goes to the royal residence subsequent to knowing about Oedipus charges against him. Oedipus addresses Creon with regards to why Tiresias didnt approach when the underlying examination of Laius passing occured. Creon says he is content with his situation in court and wants to take the position of authority from Oedipus. He discloses to Oedipus that for evidence he can go to the prophet at Pytho and inquire as to whether Creon is coming clean. Jocasta, Oedipus spouse, reveals to him that a prophet came to Laius saying that he would bite the dust by the hand of his kid. Learning this Laius has his infant child tied at the lower legs and removed to be murdered. She says that Laius was murdered by burglars on his way to the prophet at Delphi at where three streets meet. The substance of this play is that of Greek catastrophe, child of Laius, lord of Thebes, and his better half, Jocasta. Laius had been cautioned by a prophet that he was destined to be executed by his own child; he in this manner relinquished Oedipus on a mountainside. The child was saved, nonetheless, by a shepherd and brought to the ruler of Corinth, who embraced him. At the point when Oedipus is developed, he gains from the prophet that he would execute his dad and wed his mom. He fled Corinth to get away from this destiny, accepting his non-permanent parents to be his genuine guardians. At a junction Oedipus experienced Laius(his father), and slaughtered him. He proceeded to Thebes, where the Sphinx was talking and all who couldn't unravel her puzzle. Oedipus addressed it accurately thus he won the bereft sovereigns hand(his mother). The prediction was satisfied. Two children, Polynices and Eteocles, and two girls, Antigone and Ismene, were destined to the accidentally forbidden pair. At the point when a plague plunged on Thebes, a prophet pronounced that the best way to free the place where there is its disease was to remove the killer of Laius. Through a progression of excruciating disclosures, the lord took in reality and in a misery of awfulness blinded himself. His little girls, Antigone and Ismene, are left in the hands of Kreon, who ends up being a genuine companion of Oedipus. The substance of this play with respect to time is that the time wasnt quite certain, however it says that Sophocles lived from 496-406 BC. The spot then again is quite certain, it presents you saying: The imperial place of Thebes. Swinging doors command the exterior, a stone special stepped area remains at the focal point of the stage. Numerous years have gone since Oedipus has unraveled the conundrum of the Sphinx and rose the honored position of Thebes, and now a plague has struck the city. A parade of ministers enters ¦(Sophocles, 392) I feel that this presentation drives the peruser into a universe of interest. We truly dont recognize what will happen to Oedipus, all we know is there is a plague over the town that Oedipus must take care of. This leads the peruser into Oedipus phases of blamelessness or obliviousness, disavowal lastly coerce. The substance in the decision of setting influences the subject since it makes this story increasingly acceptable, in a period new to us, quite a while in the past.

Features of Symbolism, setting and conflict used in Woman Hollering Creek” - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1808 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Woman hollering Creek written by Sandra Cisneros is a short story that is very interesting because it narrates the destruction of a woman’s dreams called Cleofilas. It begins when she is given into marriage to Juan Pedro while her father telling her that, â€Å"there is no time I will abandon you because I am your father† (Cisneros, 50). Before her marriage, she had grown up with only her dad, the six-good-for nothing brothers and no mother. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Features of Symbolism, setting and conflict used in Woman Hollering Creek†" essay for you Create order Owing to the fact that there was no woman around her during the time she was growing up, she has to learn how to be a woman only through watching telenovelas on the TV. The telenovelas help her learn that she should expect passion to fill her heart and her life which will bring her great love into her life and guide her to â€Å"do what is supposed to be done, must be done, and at all costs† (Cisneros, 51). This makes her create a belief that life needs to be that way because when one suffers from love, it is good and makes one good because the pain goes with sweat in the end. This story has however used features like conflict, symbolism and setting to bring out the theme of suffering that Cleofilas passes through and it is described below in details. The setting of the story Woman Hollering creek takes place in both Texas and Mexico. The setting in this story is equally important because Cleofilas lived in a small town in Mexico where she had only six brothers and her father who looked after her (Payant, 95). The only thing that inspired her from this small town was the telenovela that was usually shown on the TV, and this made her get the belief that her life would be exactly as what used to take place in the telenovela. Cleofilas decided to marry Juan Pedro while in Mexico and moves to his place in Texas and she leaves her six brothers and her father in Mexico. According to Payant (95), after moving to Texas, she discovers that she did a mistake when she chose to marry Pedro but she had had a baby with him. She has to take responsibility of the child that is on the way as a mother and the best for it or stay make another decision of staying with her lover Pedro and get beaten by him constantly. The setting of this story was very important because it created the direction of the story and the way things were unfolding before Cleofilas.   As Brady (122) puts it, the places of this story showed a long road for her and everything that transpired along the way, which had its own meaning. Therefore, the borderland’s center is Woman Hollering Creek and it is in this place that the story unfolds. Cleofilas refers to Mexico as â€Å"a town of dust, despair and gossip† on the other side that is very similar to a Texan town called Seguin. Seguin was another town full of gossip except the fact that while in her father’s town in Mexico, she was very safe from the physical harm she was receiving on this other side. Therefore, the creek called Woman Hollering Creek is located in central Texas and at a certain time, it crosses the interstate between San Antonio Texas and Seguin Texas. The setting is also equally important because it describes the real environment surrounding Cleofilas, what she faces and the situations and hardship she passes through. For example, when she describes in her imagination â€Å"the same house as always, nothing new†¦ the faded housecoat was just in the same position where she had left it in the bathroom.† The description of her house showed the level of difficulty that she was passing through (Brady, 122). Additionally, the setting brings the picture of the environment with activities take place within the surroundings in the story. When the writer describes the town, in which Cleofilas was, as â€Å"a silly town full of pride and despair, there was nothing interesting where she was standing, only a TV repair shop, a drugstore, dry cleaners, hardware, empty store fronts, bail bonds, liquor store and nothing else of great interest (Jaynearose). It is true from the description that the town has nothing good to attract the e yes. However, it is touching to see Cleofilas describe it as a city build so that all women have to depend on their husbands entirely. No place to go in the city except to a neighboring lady’s house, but the rest of the time is solitary, on one side and the other side is Dolores. In story of Woman Hollering Creek, Cisneros has used several symbolisms to portray and demonstrate how women are powerless whenever trapped in a relationship that is very abusive to them. According to Doyle (55), the best symbolism used in this story is the telenovela, which was mainly an indication of Cleofilas’ life. She thought that her life would be like the flow of the telenovela that used to be shown on the TV. The contrast occurred because the episodes in her own telenovela were getting sadder with hardly any commercials between her episodes of life that would have brought comic relief and probably a happy conclusion. In spite of all these, she constantly made excuses about her husband and falsely convincing herself that as much as there were many abuses in her life like being beaten by her husband, things would soon get better. Originally, the word creek is in itself a symbolic word that meant a road that had not been taken by Cleofilas when she decided to staying in t he relationship where she suffered physical and emotional abuse. However, the origin of the creek is not known, it is still a mystery and most probably frightening just as the road that not taken. Additionally, there exist a number of symbols in woman hollering creek which Cisneros used as a helper in plotting the story line in addition to creating a literature impression in the story. For example, â€Å"the borders of all kinds† is a symbolic statement in the Woman Hollering Creek. It does not necessarily mean the physical border between US Texas and Mexico. In one perspective, it means linguistic borders that confine Cleofilas within a particular cocoon, like the gender and cultural borders. This is evidenced when she said, â€Å"this city is built in a way that women have to depend on men entirely† (Doyle, 57). In another perspective, the borders of all kinds means the border of confinement of past traditions, that restricted the actions of women and the violent poverty that encounters her and forces her to change her view on what is freedom and what is confining.   However, most of these borders were self-imposed, while others were imposed by the society, b ut both the borders despite their imposition were just as strong as a brick fence. In clear interpretation of the name creek, in the Woman Hollering Creek, is a border on its own in symbolic terms. Like instead of saying the word ‘Holler’, it can be translated as ‘yell’ in a deeper translation which means weep (Doyle, 55). Moreover, this symbolic border is so powerful, however natural it may seem. It is stronger than the passing of the creek and a representation of what it does to the surrounding nature with comparison to Cleofilas’ heartless and poor life that she faces away from the creek. In Mexico, the ice house was like a church where Cleofilas could meet with other women and gossip or as she described it, â€Å"engage in huddled whispering.† However, while she was in the United States in Texas, which was her marital home, the gossiping used to begin at sunset at the icehouse, the only difference is that in this new place, she had to sit and mute beside their conversation. Additionally, the laughter at the end of the sto ry was a symbolic of long awaited freedom finally achieved, the incredible feeling that one experiences when she/he attains the long awaited freedom. Sandra Cisneros uses conflicts to show several perspectives including Cleofilas’ expectations as contrasted with what happens in reality. As Phan (32) puts it, all she had ever wanted was a successful conclusion in her life, a loving husband and a pretty house, having sweet children around her and anything interesting that she had seen on the telenova. Never had the slightest though wink up her mind that things change in life, her conflict was what she wanted was not coming, a happy life is what she had thought all her life. In this story of Woman Hollering Creek, conflict is used to display the harsh realities of the patriarch world that Cleofilas finds herself in. she was silenced by the ways of this patriarch world but finally found her voice in the end. The writer brings out the conflict of Cleofilas, which is not only with her cruel and abusive husband, but also with the patriarch world (Doyle, 66). According to her, the world seemed to say that whatever was happening to her was okay and one day she will get what she expects in life. It is really a conflict within her heart for she has to keep on loving her husband that was betraying and abusive just to maintain the expectations of the patriarchal society. In addition to that, conflict is depicted in the viewpoint of Pedro’s understanding of marriage. In fact, it is the major source of conflict in the story of â€Å"woman hollering creek† as a result of adopting patriarchy (Phan, 34). Pedro adopted patriarchal rules where he was the head of the family and the final decision maker in the house, an issue that constantly broke out domestic violence in their marriage with Cleofilas. The domestic violence was as severe as explained by Cisneros, â€Å"when he came home and slapped her once, twice†¦ until her cheek split and bled, she did not fight back, neither did she run away as she had earlier imagined.† She is again faced with the conflict of making a hard decision as to whether she should escape with her child to Mexico so that she takes care of her or she should remain in her marital home and continue to face the cruelty of her husband. In conclusion, Cleofilas always saw herself as a woman who would have a destiny like the ones she used to view on the TV. She was however not given an imperfect storyline and she kept hoping things would change and turn out to be better. Cisneros has used epiphany, conflict, symbolism and setting to bring out the image of harsh realities that Cleofilas faced in â€Å"Woman Hollering Creek†.   The features bring out the real picture of the patriarch world unlike her expectations in life, which was part of her major conflicts.

Theme Of Naturalism In F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Awakening

The Declaration of Independence declares that all men are â€Å"endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights† which enables all people to retain the freedom that they have all been born with. Since the foundation of the United States, the founding fathers sought to give all people the freedom that were denied to them by the oppressive, English government. The â€Å"rights† that the founding fathers mentioned were first only available for a small, privileged group of white males, but it eventually grows to encompass all different kinds of people. During the movement of naturalism, Kate Chopin highlights the injustice that women experiences in society by writing The Awakening. Langston Hughes draws attention to African Americans’ struggles†¦show more content†¦The house on the Esplanade Street represents Edna’s action towards freedom by finding a home for herself, not for her family. Edna gradually moves away from the traditional womanâ €™s role as a wife and mother to becoming an independent woman that makes her own decisions in life. Kate Chopin also uses the symbol of Edna Pontelliers death to further illustrate the closing of gaps between gender. Before Edna Pontellier was fully submerged, â€Å"she thought of Leonce and the children. They were a part of her life. But they need not have thought that they could possess her, body, and soul†(95). Her final thoughts reveal that women were beginning to come to the realization that no one owns them and that they do not have to follow societal expectations. The decision to take her own life was one made entirely for herself in order to gain peace without the interference of society. Furthermore, Edna’s death serves as a symbol of freedom and a call to action by sending the message that women should live the way they want to. The idea of rights for women dates back to as early as 1848 when The Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions was written and continues to persist in the modern world. Women today be grateful for the determination of the women who comes before them to ensure the rights that they have now. The Harlem Renaissance shows the closure of racial divisions in the American identity as

Alexander Graham Bell Has Changed The Way Our World

Alexander Graham Bell Have you ever thought about life what life was like when communication was hard? If you were far away from someone you would either have to write or walk, and both of those would take a long time to get a message somewhere. The introduction of the telephone changed the way our world worked. If you have used a phone anytime in your life, and almost everyone has, you need to thank the creator, Alexander Graham Bell. Alexander Graham Bell has changed the way our world works, thanks to his many famous and important inventions. On March 3, 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland, Alexander Bell, the teacher of the deaf and Scottish-born American inventor was born. Alexander’s middle name â€Å"Graham† was not added until he was about ten years old. He added his middle name because he also wanted one like his brothers. His father gave him his middle name as his birthday present. He was the middle child and both of his brothers passed away from tuberculosis later in his life. Tuberculosis is a fatal disease that attacks the lungs. His grandfather was an elocution professor and his father was an expert on elocution and the mechanics of the voice. Elocution is the art of public speaking. He was homeschooled for most of his life by his mother and he got one year of schooling at a private school and two years at Edinburgh High School. His mother was nearly deaf and was a very talented piano player and painter which inspired him to do big things in his lifetime. Bell also knewShow MoreRelatedA Brief Biography of Alexander Graham Bell Essay example1345 Words   |  6 Pagescellphones, and without his invention of the telephone, there would never be cellphones, and the way we communicate with the world would be entirely different. (Pewresarch) Michael Hart’s book The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History ranks Alexander Graham Bell as the forty second most influential person in history and he is one of the most influential persons in history. 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It has shown that all you need in order to make something great of your life is grit, spit, and determination. Decade after decade, century after century, America has continually astounded the international community with its creative and forward-thinking might. With many of the most commonly used pieces of technology having their origins in the United States, it is safe to say that every generation of America has changed the world with their brilliantRead MoreThe Evolution of the Telephone991 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans were changed during this time period from 17th century. The Industrial Revolution shaped the U.S. into what it was today. One invention in particular was the te lephone; its technological advances throughout the years have continued to explore the imagination. Since its inception, the telephone has become one of the most important inventions of all time. 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Deferred Action For Childhood Arrivals Example For Students

Deferred Action For Childhood Arrivals Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) is an executive order signed by President Obama in June 2012. DACA is a federal immigration policy that concerns illegal, undocumented immigrants that have that arrived in the United States prior to their 16th birthday, have been in the country since June 2007, and are under the age of 31 years old. Under DACA, eligible individuals are permitted to receive a renewable work permit, lasting two years, and to be exempt from deportation—under the condition that these individuals are lawful and either attending an educational institution, a high school graduate or currently serving or honorably discharged from the military. The policy does not officially allow for these immigrants to become American citizens. However, this policy protects immigrants that did not come to the United States under their own free will as children. Problem identification: In 2012, there was a large social movement from Latino organizations such as, the League of United Latin American Citizens, the Hispanic Federation, the Labor Council for Latin American Advancement, and the Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund. A growing social movement was also developing among young Latinos, forming the groups like United We Dream. The DREAM movement consisted of protesters advocating for their rights as immigrant students. These students called themselves DREAMers—which, stems from the DREAM Act (Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors). The DREAM Act is a legislative bill that was first introduced in Congress in 2001. However, Congress was never able to pass this bill, despite multiple reforms made over the past decade. The DREAM Act s main goal was to protect the rights of immigrant students in the United States by allowing conditional residency and eventually permanent residency. It was also established on the argument that these individuals are law-abiding students that did not come to the United States under their own free will. Proponents of the DREAM Act argued that Immigration Enforcement should not focus deportation efforts on young people who are contributing to society either through the means of education or military service. DREAMers of the Campaign for an American DREAM group participated in various forms of civil protest throughout the United States. In June 2012, DREAM protesters arrived at President Obama’s local campaign headquarters in Denver, Colorado and requested an executive order by the current President to protect illegal, immigrant students—in this instance, some of the protesters initiated a sit-in protest. Other protests that pressed for rights of young Latinos included the Trail of Dreams, a 1,500-mile march from Miami, Florida, to the White House. Anderson (2013) describes a policy problem as, â€Å"†¦a condition or situation that produces needs or dissatisfaction among people and for which relief or redress by governmental action is sought† (p. 82). Thus, problems must be recognized and understood by policy-makers. In the case of DACA, the protests of DREAMers fostered the issue of immigrant rights to the President. Another aspect of problem identification was the consideration of what populations would be affected by DACA. It is evident that California holds a significant percentage of potential DACA recipients; thus, had already established their form of the legal protection for illegal youths called CAL DREAM Act. California passed this state policy in 2011, previous to the signing of DACA. Under the CAL DREAM Act, minors that arrived in the United States before turning 16 years old were permitted to receive student financial aid. California had addressed the problem of immigration rights before the federal executive order was passed as DACA. Furthermore, the Pew Hispanic Research Center, a branch of Pew Research Center estimated that 1.7 million individuals, as of August 2012, would be potentially eligible nationally to apply for protection under DACA. Additionally, 85% of the 1.7 million DACA beneficiaries are Latino (Pew Research Center, 2012). .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 , .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .postImageUrl , .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 , .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2:hover , .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2:visited , .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2:active { border:0!important; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2:active , .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Illegal Immigrants Have Migrated Into Theu.s For Many YearsAgenda Setting: DACA can be understood through Kingdon s policy window theory. The policy window of opportunity allows for certain issues to progress onto policy agenda. Kingdon (1995, p. 152-153): details the convergence of the three streams (problems, proposals, and politics) that produces a policy opportunity: Advocates of a new policy initiative not only take advantage of politically propitious moments but also claim that their proposal is a solution to a pressing problem. Likewise, entrepreneurs concerned about a particular problem search for solutions in the policy stream to couple to their problems, then try to take advantage of political receptivity at certain points in time to push the package of problem and solution. The three components must congregate in order to allow policy to be pushed onto political agendas. But, as Kingdon further illustrates, all three aspects exploit each other throughout this policy window, which in the end benefits all three key players. The first aspect of Kingdon’s policy window theory is the problems. In the case of DACA, the problem of immigrant rights—especially those of young students had been made active to the public and media through social protest. Kingdon explains how policy-makers perceive problems—and one such method is through feedback. The DREAM protests offered a form of feedback to elected officials, specifically President Obama, that illustrated that a large group of individuals were unsatisfied with current conditions. Moreover, Anderson (2013) demonstrates how government only addresses a problem if there is a solution. Thus, another component of the policy window theory is the proposals. Preceding DACA, there was already proposed policy through the DREAM Act. The DREAM Act had first been adopted in 2001. DACA and the DREAM Act are exceedingly similar in nature—both tackle the rights of undocumented, immigrant youths. There are only minute differences between the two policies. The DREAM Act was ultimately the foundation to DACA—with the DREAM Act as a proposed legislative bill of Congress that failed to pass, thus, eventually led to DACA, an executive order by the President. The DREAM Act was an institutional agenda of Congress, as a legislative bill; however, when it was unsuccessful the policy proposal was then shifted onto another institutional agenda, that of the executive branch with DACA. The policy proposal had already been well established when it reached President Obama. As K ingdon argues proposals are often at the ready but remain dormant until problems are identified and political aspects are addressed. How solvable is this Not really addressing the cause of the issue†¦ Politics is the final aspect of Kingdon s policy window theory. President Obama signed DACA in June 2012—the summer before the November Presidential election. As incumbent, President Obama, was up for re-election, it could be argued that he decided to sign DACA in order to receive acknowledgement that he supported efforts made by the young Latino protesters and Latino organizations. The Pew Research Center in December 2011, found that 91% of Latinos in the United States supported the DREAM Act. Consequently, President Obama had motives to ensure Latino votes for the upcoming election. The New York Times (2012) writes, â€Å"The president was facing growing pressure from Latino leaders and Democrats who warned that because of his harsh immigration enforcement, his support was lagging among Latinos who could be crucial voters in his race for re-election.† Although, an executive order does not guarantee permanency, President Obama called it the â€Å"first step† dur ing the announcement of DACA. During this time, public protests were increasing, but it can be argued that these Latino groups also knew that President Obama would more likely enact a policy during his re-election campaign season. There is strong evidence to illustrate that there were multiple conditions that eventually led to the signing of DACA. Protesters understood this was an opportune time to encourage President Obama during his campaign, as it was comprehended that he wanted the Latino votes. President Obama understood that he needed to formally address this impeding issue if he wanted to secure his executive position. Furthermore, the already established proposals addressing this problem, made the formulation of DACA easier to pass.

Malaysia Sports Essay Example

Malaysia Sports Essay Sports in Malaysia A General Overview When asked about what needs to be done to encourage youths in this country to be involved in sports, ex-Olympian and International Sports Official, Datuk Dr Mani Jegathesan says it is absolutely crucial that we push for a healthy lifestyle, including physical activity, for all Malaysians, especially the youth. â€Å"They are our future, life habits and skills are best inculcated in the formative years†, he adds. A time-tested method for encouraging physical activity is the practice of sport. Sport brings not just the exercise component, but psychological and social benefits as well. Sport is fun, exciting and engaging, and sports can teach us many good values. † It is no surprise that Dr Jegathesan. s view concurs that the schools and the community, in which the youth work and play, would be the best place to strongly advocate this by first making the programmes attractive and compelling to attract the young people. Instead of engaging themselves in some anti-social behaviours, their involvement in all kinds of sports will help develop a healthier generation of young Malaysians with a more confident, competitive and positive outlook in life. Hence, the recent decision by the Education Ministry to slash the annual allocation to the Malaysian Schools Sports Council (MSSM) from RM6 million to RM1. 5 million is definitely a bane to the promotion of sports among the young people in the midst of rising anti-social behaviours. Where there used to be 24 sports, catering for the Under-12, Under-15 and Under-18, now a number of these sports have to be slashed to nearly half of the number of sports. A number of sports like handball, rugby, sailing, table tennis, cricket, softball, cross country, chess, bowling, squash and archery have been axed from the programme. Some of these are the sports such as squash, bowling and archery have put Malaysia on the world map, having produced current world squash champion Datuk Nicol David. Both Shalin Zulkifli (Bowling) and Cheng Chu Sian (Archery) had won the recurve individual gold at the recent SEA Games in Laos. We will write a custom essay sample on Malaysia Sports specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Malaysia Sports specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Malaysia Sports specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Besides, when we talk about the 10 merit points allocated to students to gain entry into local universities, the students, who are active in the 11 sports axed by the MSSM, will be at a greater disadvantage. In short, before we talk about going for Gold, we should be talking about investing in the development of young sportsmen and women, in the process help the young people at large develop good social and inter-personal soft skills,besides cultivating a healthy eating habit based on good knowledge of nutrition. All this has to begin at the school level, and we can never go wrong if both the government and the parents of these children put serious efforts to encourage their children to actively participate in sports. Sports in Personality Development Parents, who generally place more emphasis on academic excellence, should realize that their childrens involvement in sports is more than just the ability to play a game. Participation in the sports helps the young people to learn to be in control of various challenging situations and in the process develop a healthy and positive outlook in life. Some of them will eventually learn to be good leaders in their respective fields when they grow up. EDITORIAL EDITORIAL Involvement in the sports also helps to boost up both physical and mental stamina in children. Studies have shown that participation in school sports is vital for the development of motor skills besides helping to release endorphins which helps decrease depression and increases energy. Because the young people are taught to accept defeat in life at a very young age, they eventually develop a stronger determination to succeed in their next attempt. They learn to push beyond their human limitations and trust in their ability to break world records. They say, world champions are made, not born. This is where young people also learn that, in order to win, they will always have to play by the rules. As they advance in their sports as professional sportsmen and sportswomen, they know their rules by hard. The moment a rule is broken, there is a penalty, and in some cases, the athlete may be totally disqualified altogether. Even a year after they are eventually found guilty of foul play, their hard-earned championship title can be withdrawn indefinitely. The rules in a game are the same as the rules in real life which they can ill-afford to overlook. It is this kind of holistic development of the personality of their children and their ability to meet challenges in life that is more important, which like race relations cannot be taught in the classrooms. Sports in Social Benefits and Race Relations In a multi-racial society like Malaysia, young people learn best to bond with each other and people of other races at an early age, when they are on the playground. It is a more effective way to inculcate race relations than having classroom lectures on race relations. When the late Mokhtar Dahari scored a goal, everyone cheered. When Nicol David won the World Squash Championship, her name was mentioned on everyone. s lips. Other well-known names – the late Santokh Singh, Marina Chin, Lee Chong Wei, Misbun Sidek and the list goes on and on – have similarly made the nation proud of their individual achievements. Malaysians are proud of the advancements in sports made by their fellow citizens, regardless of race, religion or creed. For this reason, the government should channel more funds to build good sport facilities for the schools, and focus on promoting participation of the young people in various types of sports as part of the extra-curricular activities. The spirit of comradeship in sports at the school level will eventually help to foster greater race relations in a multi-racial society like ours. A talented young man of 17, Philippe Yang from Sri KL Private School, who had a chance to visit a few public schools in Australia, recently gave a moving speech to his fellow students about his observations how the schools in Australia are generally better equipped with good sports facilities compared to schools in Malaysia. At the conclusion of his speech, Yang urged the Ministry of Education to spend more on providing good sports facilities for the schools. â€Å"I believe†, he said with convictions, â€Å"that Malaysians can do better at sports if they started early in life†. One other area which is very much neglected in the schools nationwide is a better understanding of nutrition, in particular, about the correct way of eating to achieve maximum performance in competitive sports. MALAYSIA SPORTS FITNESS DIRECTORY 2010/2011 MALAYSIA SPORTS FITNESS DIRECTORY 2010/2011 Sports Nutrition Close consultation with the nutritionist is important. Sadly, except for the sports schools, most urban schools do not even have nutritionists who are assigned to take care of the children’s food consumption. As a result, the young people are ill-advised on their daily diet. Junk and fast food has become very popular in schools globally, including Malaysia. That has recently prompted the Taiwanese Government to consider introducing junk food tax to reduce obesity amongst the country. s school-going children. Statistics show that 25-30% of children in that country are obese. In Malaysia, at least 27% of the 25 million people are obese. Our children are no better – and this is an alarming situation for a country with a young population. Analyst such as Malaysian Association for the Study of Obesity president Dr Mohd Ismail Noor opined that efforts to ban fast-food advertisements will not make any impact on the way society eats. A good habit of eating the right diet and frequent exercise has to be cultivated and taught from young. Perhaps, a proper diet, without the excesses of the fast food of modern days, is one possible reason why the country could produce great sportsmen and sportswomen in badminton, football and hockey in the hey days of these sports, at a time when Malaysia was emerging as a nation. Today. s diet is a bane and probably a contributing factor for the lack of exercise and the determination to excel in sports. A proverb may be true after all: â€Å"You are what you eat! † To achieve peak performance in sports, the young athletes will have to follow guidelines that are particularly designed for their kind of activities. A good nutrition plan also includes the proper timing in food consumption. Nutritionists will be able to advise the young athletes how to time their meals to their training, so that the energy peaks at the right time when it is most needed. Meanwhile, apart from looking at the long term goal of developing the younger generation of Malaysians to become world-class athletes, the government also has to study how to further improve the performance of our athletes in some international events, especially those that the country is taking great effort to bid for and host the events. Except for a handful of good athletes, the nation. s performance in some of these international sport events for the past two decades is hardly enviable. Proper resources channelled into the training of our sportsmen and sportswomen will hopefully help to propel our athletes into greater heights of achievements. In some areas, there are apparently improvements being made, but more efforts need to be focused on turning the ashes into the glory of winning World Championships. The six million Ringgit question: Will our involvement in the upcoming major sports events bring a greater fame or disgrace to the country? It is unfair to blame it on the sportsmen and sportswomen alone, as it is a question that also involves the sports administrators, the government, and the sports fans. Are we giving enough support, morally and financially, to help boost the performance of our sports community? Thomas Uber Cup 2010 Malaysia has won the bid to host the 2010 Thomas and Uber Cup Finals in May 2010, beating two others, China and Brazil, which also offered to play host to the two Team World Badminton Championships. This would be the 26th tournament of the Thomas Cup since its debut in 1948, and the 23rd edition of the Uber Cup since 1956. In badminton, despite its late entry into the competition, China. s emergence as a tough competitor is something to emulate. The 2008 Thomas Cup last contested in Jakarta, Indonesia rom May 11 to May 18, 2008, saw Malaysia losing to China 2-3 in the semi-finals. Meanwhile, in the finals, China beat Korea 3-1 and won the championship title for the seventh time in the World Mens Team Championship. Malaysia has won the championship title for five times, the last 3 EDITORIAL EDITORIAL being in 1992 when Malaysia played host. The biggest ch allenge is for Malaysia to take on the world, and prove herself as capable to match China. s performance by winning another world championship on home ground. In the Uber Cup, Malaysia has never won any championship titles; will our shuttlers be able to at least improve their erformance, if not able to win the championship title? To date, only four nations namely China, Japan, USA and Indonesia have won the Uber Cup, and Malaysia is still a long way to go in boosting its all-women. s team. Our team can make it, if they put their heart and soul to winning the Uber Cup championship for the first time. To date, Indonesia still holds the record of being the most successful country in the Thomas Cup, having won the event 13 times while China dominated the Uber Cup with ten championships to their name. Whether Malaysia will once again win the much coveted Thomas Cup world championship is something that many are waiting o see since the event is held on its home ground, especially since it has some of the best shuttlers in the world. For example, Datuk Lee Chong Wei recently managed to clinch his sixth Malaysia Open Super Series title after beatin g Thailands Ponsana Boonsak 21-13, 21-7 in 34 minutes in the final held at the Putra Stadium in Bukit Jalil. He had earlier emerged champion in the Korean Open, and is considered World No. 1. His success is something to be celebrated. The Champions of THOMAS CUP Indonesia 13 times China 7 times Malaysia (incl. Malaya) 5 times The Champions of UBER CUP China 10 times Japan 5 times U. S. A 3 times Indonesia 3 times 4 25th SEA Games 2009 The 26th SEA Games will be held in Bandung and Semarang, Indonesia in 2011. With one year ahead, Malaysia has to pump in a lot of efforts to regain its glorious moments, considering that its performance in the last SEA Games 2009 in Vientiane, Laos, was hardly enviable. Malaysia came in fourth position after Thailand, Vietnam and Indonesia. This was the lowest final position in 22 years. Compared to both Thailand and Vietnam, the number of medals collected was nearly half the number compared to Thailand. Thailand bagged 86 Gold, 83 Silver and 97 Bronze medals, whereas Malaysia accumulated 0 Gold, 40 Silver and 59 Bronze medals. Even Laos coming in the seventh placing won 33 Gold, 25 Silver and 52 Bronze medals, an achievement that far exceeds its own record of five Gold medals at the last SEA Games in Korat, Thailand in 2007. Table 1: Number of medals collected by countries at 25th SEA GAMES 2009 Country Thailand Gold 86 Silver 83 Bronze 97 Tot al Medal 266 Vietnam 83 75 57 215 Indonesia 43 53 74 170 Malaysia 40 40 59 139 Philippines 38 35 51 124 Singapore 33 30 35 98 Laos 33 25 52 110 Myanmar 12 22 37 71 Cambodia 3 10 27 40 Brunei 1 1 8 10 Timor Leste 0 0 3 3 Source: www. laoseagames2009. com Meanwhile, host country Laos surprised everyone by its performance in football in the region by reaching the semi-finals, before falling 3-1 to Malaysia. In football, there was reason for celebration. This was the first time that Malaysia won the football Gold dubbed the mother of all Gold medals in both the mens and womens football, after Thailand had been winning the SEA Games crown in mens football for the last eight editions since 1993 while for the women, they were the defending champions. Malaysia managed to knock out Thailand from a place in semi-finals and regained its status as the SEA Games Football Champion, with a 1-0 win over Vietnam in the final. This raises the hope that Malaysian football MALAYSIA SPORTS FITNESS DIRECTORY 2010/2011 MALAYSIA SPORTS FITNESS DIRECTORY 2010/2011 will be returned to its former glory. Will it still perform even better in the Bandung Games in 2011? Other notable achievements in Laos Games include Roslinda Samsu, who became the new Games record holder for Pole Vault Final (Female) with 4. 15 metres, compared to her 4. 10 metres in the 23rd SEA Games in the Philippines in 2005. Meanwhile, Tan Song Hwa managed to achieve Hammer Throw Final (Female) and hit a new Games record with 56. 1 metres after the old record of 53. 35 metres was won during the 23rd SEA Games in the Philippines in 2005. Asian Indoor Games and ASIAD Malaysia came 15th in rank during the recent 3rd Asian Indoor Games 2009, which was held at the newly constructed Hanoi Indoor Athletics Palace. Two other ASEAN countries, Vietnam and Thailand, were amongst the top five countries, w ith Vietnam bagging 42 Gold medals, 30 Silver and 22 Bronze. Even Thailand. s achievement was glamorous, compared to Malaysia. s performance, with 3 Gold medals, 5 Silver and 8 Bronze. With the 4th Asian Indoor Games being planned in 2013, it is hoped that more emphasis ill be placed on producing athletes with greater excellence. Table 2: Number of medals collected based on countries during the 4th Asian Indoor Games 2009 Rank Country Total 1 Peoples Republic of China 48 25 19 92 2 Vietnam 42 30 22 94 3 Kazakhstan 21 16 21 58 4 Thailand 19 17 34 70 5 Iran 17 15 13 45 . . . . . . 15 Malaysia 3 5 8 16 G S B Taken from http://www. vaigoc2009. com During the 15th ASIAD or Asian Games held in Doha, Qatar from December 1 to December 15, 2006, Malaysia came in the eighth position, with a total of 8 Gold, 17 Silver and 17 Bronze medals. The next Asian Games, to be held in Guangzhou, China from November 12, 2010 to November 27, 2010 will be another opportunity for Malaysian athletes to prove their worth. With 41 events making it the largest Asian Games ever held since 1951 when the Games made its debut in New Delhi. Malaysia will be sending its football team to compete in the Asian Games, after capturing the championship title in the Laos SEA Games and nearly decades in the doldrums. It is hoped that this new team will help bring back the glories during the days of Santokh Singh, Mokhtar Dahari, Soh Chin Aun and R. Arumugam, a truly multi-racial mix. 2010 Commonwealth Games The 2010 Commonwealth Games from 3-14 October 2010 will see some 6,000 international athletes competing in 17 sports in New Delhi, India. Malaysia is also forming its contingent toparticipate in various sports, including diving andswimming competitions, where three swimmers, Daniel Bego, Siow Yi Ting and Khoo Cai Lin, willbe competing against some of the best swimmersfrom China, Japan and South Korea who arealready of world class status, based on theirresults at the World Championships and Olympics. Laos SEA Games Double goldmedalist, Yeoh Ken Nee will also be competing inthe diving competition at the CommonwealthGames in New Delhi in October. He had earlier won a silver in the 1metre springboard during thelast Commonwealth Games in Melbourne. Cheng Chu Sian, Mohd Izzudin Abdul Rahimand Wan Khalmizam Wan Abdul Aziz have been selected to represent Malaysia as the nationalelite archery team. Meanwhile, the MalaysianAmateur Boxing Federation (MABF) said it ishopeful that its boxers will win medals in the NewDelhi Commonwealth Games in October, after delivering two unexpected gold medals at theLaos SEA Games, when Mohd Farkhan Haron and Fairus Azwan Abdullah won the Middleweight(75kg) and Light Heavyweight (81kg) Competitions, respectively, in the Laos Games. Former top rifle shooter, Mohd Emran Zakariais also planning to make a comeback as acompetitor in the Commonwealth Games afterwatching the lack of performance by the youngerparticipants during the Laos SEA Games. 5 EDITORIAL EDITORIAL While a lot of preparations have gone in, the question is: will we see a quantum leap in Malaysia. s overall performance in the major sports events, including the Olympic Games 2012 in London, after a poor show in the Beijing Summer Olympics 2008? Has sufficient efforts been put in to address our weaknesses and build on our existing strengths? This is where more emphasis as to be placed to improve the prestige of our local sportsmen and sportswomen besides promoting other major events that put the country on the world map, one of which is the Formula One, where Malaysia is still a new player. Formula One In March 2010, all eyes will be on Bahrain where the Formula One race will begin from March 12-14. This will feature among others the sensational comeb ack of seven-time world champion, Michael Schumacher who recently signed a deal for with Mercedes. Some 20 locations around the world have been identified, including the Malaysian Grand Prix which will be held on April 4. Malaysia will have two teams in this coming event. Created by AirAsia. s boss, Tony Fernandes, Malaysia. s Team Lotus F1, represented by veteran Formula One driver Jarno Trulli, Finland. s Heikki Kovalainen and Malaysian Fairuz Fauzy, will also be competing in the race. 35 years old Trulli was formerly racing with Toyota, and since 1997, has completed in 216 races, while Kovalainen, 28 made his debut in 2006 with Renault. Fairuz, 27 has driven in the GP2 series and A1 GP. However, in a recent announcement, Petronas said it was signing up with Mercedes for title sponsorship, after the withdrawal of BMW Sauber. team from F1. This, defended Petronas vice-president of corporate services, Ahmad Nizam Salleh, is decided upon after much deliberation and short-listing four teams -Williams, Sauber, Mercedes and Lotus. Ahmad Nizam explains that Petronas was looking beyond patriotism for its sponsorship to allow greater opportunities for business growth. Although Lotus 1 is a Malaysian team, Ah mad was quoted in The Star recently, saying, â€Å"we believe Mercedes are the ideal partners. Besides their long and established history in motorsport, they have the platform to serve our long-term business plans to expand our lubricants business. With the participation of Schumacher, the turnout at the Malaysian Grand Prix on Sunday 4 April 2010 is expected to swell to 100,000, compared to 60,000 last year. Monsoon Cup The current Monsoon Cup agreement, inked in 2005 between the State Government of Terengganu and the World Match Racing Tour (WMRT) for the prestigious sailing event, will end in 2012. The event, which works as a catalyst for the state. s development, serves as the Malaysian leg for the international event, dubbed â€Å"The Formula One of Sailing†, which was started in 2000 to unite the world. s best match-race regattas under one banner. It has drawn tourists from around the world to the state especially during the monsoon season at the end of the year. More importantly, a total of 1. 21 billion people around the world watched the live telecast of the Monsoon Cup over ESPN in 2006 alone, bringing attention to the state. The racing tour comprises nine events in different locations around the world with the Monsoon Cup being the final leg. Thirteen teams met in the waters off Terengganu from Dec 2 to Dec 6, 2009 to battle for the championship trophy. This event has generated as high as 1. 2 billion viewers on ESPN Star Sports, Fox Australia, CNBC Australia and Pan Asia, Sky New Zealand, America One, Sports Max, Eurosport World, Fox Sports US and Travel Channel China live telecast every year. Skipper Adam Mino prio, his Kiwi crew David Swete, Nick Blackman, Daniel Lean and Tom Powrie of the New Zealands Black Match Racing clinched the 2009 Monsoon Cup, after being crowned the 2009 ISAF Match Racing World Champions and beating three-time (in 1998, 2002 and 2008) Olympic gold medallist and ISAF World 6 Sailor, Ben Ainslie and Team Origin at the Ri-Yaz Heritage Marina Resort and Spa in Pulau Duyong. Yanmar Racing came in the third placing, while two-time winner of Monsoon Cup, Datuk Peter Gilmour came in fourth. 2009 MONSOON CUP RESULTS 1. Adam Minoprio (NZL) ETNZ/Black Match Racing 2. Ben Ainslie (GBR) Team Origin 3. Peter Gilmour (AUS) Yanmar Racing 4. Sebastien Col (FRA) French Match Racing Team All4One 5. Mathieu Richard (FRA) French Match Racing Team 6. Phil Robertson (NZL) Waka Racing 7. Torvar Mirsky (AUS) Mirsky Racing Team 8. Damien Iehl (FRA) French Match Racing Team 9. Magnus Holmberg (SWE) Victory Challenge 10. Francesco Bruni (ITA) Team Azzurra 11. Ian Williams (GBR) Team Pindar 12. Hazwan Hazim Dermawan (MAS) Taring Pelangi Team 2009 WORLD MATCH RACING TOUR RESULTS Adam Minoprio ETNZ Black Match Racing 138 points Torvar Mirsky Mirsky Racing Team 97 points Ben Ainslie Team Origin 95 points Peter Gilmour Yanmar Racing 89 points Mathieu Richard French Match Racing Team 89 points Ian Williams Team Pindar 75 points Sebastien Col French Match Racing Team All4One 59 points Damien Iehl French Match Racing Team 54 points The Creation of New Sports Efforts have also been made to revive traditional sports and to introduce them to the world. With the help of the All Malaysia Traditional Games Heritage Association, traditional games (some of which went back as far as the 15th Century) have been made alive with a close working relationship between the association and various ministries. It has hosted some of the biggest events in Selangor, Penang and Kuala Lumpur since 2001. The pressure exists when host countries also introduce and seek to popularise their traditional sports. Across the region, there is a growing interest in reviving traditional sports, and Malaysia should not be lagging behind. Some of these traditional sports are common in the region, which can be included into the wide spectrum of existing competitions. Some of the other sports are also becoming increasingly popular. In the equestrian sport, the Pahang Penn Endurance Challenge 2009, held at the RM2 million Pahang International Endurance Park in Sungai Baging, Cherating, covering 100 ha of training ground, saw a bigger turnout of spectators. In the event, Shahruddin Abdullah from the Team Blue Moon defeated defending champion, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong Tuanku Mizan Abidin, and emerged champion after completing the route in seven hours, 25 minutes and seven seconds. The event attracted a total of 130 riders from France, Germany, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia. Putting the Money Where the Mouth is A total of RM2. billion was spent in the 8th Malaysia Plan, while under the 9th Malaysia Plan, a budget allocation of RM2. 4 billion which represents an increase of mere 1. 1% from the previous plan, was approved for the development of sports from 2006-10. This budget requires a great deal of proper management of funds to help achieve the nation. s aspiration to produce more of its world-class sports people such as Malaysias squash queen and world number one Nicol David, who recently sealed her fourth successive Womens World Open title after defeating host nations favourite, Natalie Grinham. Some of the major sports events such at the Monsoon Cup, whose current agreement ends in 2012, should be encouraged to go on because of their ability to attract tourists to this country and it works as a catalyst for the state. s development, while others help to put Malaysia on world map when championship titles are won. At a recent 12th World Sport for All Congressheld in Kuala Lumpur, themed, â€Å"Sport for All – Sport for Life†, where 505 participants from 96countries came together to brainstorm ideas onhow to increase the trend of physical inactivity, the 7 EDITORIAL EDITORIAL delegates arrived unanimously at some keyconclusions: . Focus on the importance of sport and hysical activity as a key element of healthpolicies. . When formulating policies, take into account the public health, social and economicbenefits of increased participation in sportand physical activity. . Recognise the importance of community sport and physical activity. . Consider Sport for All as an investment, not a cost or burden. The re sults of the four-day congress werecompiled into a declaration which underlined theimportance of a partnership between the OlympicMovement and governments to act together tocounter the global problems of decreasingphysical activity and the increasing incidence ofobesity. At another conference, some 500 participants at the 2009 International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intensive Multi-AgentSystems (KIMAS 2009) learnt that, althoughMalaysia has become the favourite destination forinternational sports events, it has yet to set up adesignated department or unit in related government agencies to monitor the cash flow ofour Ringgit or foreign currencies to see how it iscontributing to our economy. This was a fact whichcould not be denied by the Prime Minister himself. Despite the fact that Malaysia has participated inthe Olympics from as early as 1956 and sportsmarketing is easily worth US$250 billion (RM875billion) globally based on a report in SportsBusiness Journal, the sports and fitness industryin Malaysia is still considered as a â€Å"young andemerging sector†. One of the speakers at the convention, DatukRadha Krishnan, Managing Director of UniversalFitness Leisure (UFL) cited that the biennialSukma Games has an allocation of RM30 to RM40 million for every chapter, yet the moneygenerated from the event was not documented. Compared to New Zealand, with just 4. 3 millionpeople, the country had three per cent or 37,500 of the population involved in the sport industry, where about US$75 billion (RM272 billion) isgenerated annually from the sector. Whereas Malaysia has a dedicated Youth andSports Ministry, National Sports Council andNational Sports Institute, in the United States, themajority of the state sport bodies are run on avoluntarily basis, yet they are able to monitor sixmillion school students and 22,000 high schoolstudents. Moving Ahead It goes without saying that industry players wantto see the sports industry achieve the nextquantum leap. Although the country has achievedsterling feats at the world stage by havingworld-beaters in more than one sport, withbadminton, bowling, squash, cycling and archerybasking in limelight, they say, there is still a lot thatneeds to be done. Much soul searching has to bedone at all levels to see how we can train our sportsmen and women from young and bring thecountry to the next level of sports excellence tobeat world records. This is why the nation has to seriously look atthe overall development of sports from the schoollevel onwards, if we are determined to see our young people emerging as world class champions. It requires a lot of cooperation at alllevels of society. The reality is that sports have notbeen given much emphasis in schools thatprompted the President of the Olympic Council ofMalaysia, Tan Sri Tunku Imran Tuanku Jaafar toexpress his personal disappointment: â€Å"I hopeMalaysians will put into practice what they havelearnt from other successful nations. Unfortunately, Malaysia is lacking concrete examples, especially in schools where somechildren have only one hour of sport a week†. Hisresounding call to greater involvement of thechildren in sports is one area of concern that thegovernment, teachers and parents have toimmediately address. Without a doubt, they haveto view sports as an investment, not a liability or aburden – and continue to encourage the young toparticipate in all sorts of games, apart frommerely focusing on hosting major sports events inMalaysia. 8

Descartes Proof Of The Existence Of God Essays - Ren Descartes

Descartes' Proof Of The Existence Of God Essays - Ren Descartes Descartes' Proof Of The Existence Of God The intention of this paper will be to examine Descartes argument for the existence of God. First, I will review Descartes proof for the existence of God. Then, I will discuss some consequences that appear as a result of Gods existence. Finally, I will point to some complications and problems that exist within the proof. Descartes proof of the existence of God occurs in the Third Meditation. He builds his entire argument upon his proof in the previous meditation that in order for him to think, he must exist. From this single observation, Descartes notices that the idea of his existence is very clear and distinct in his mind; based upon this clarity and the fact that he has just determined his own existence, he deduces a rulethat the things that he sees as very clear and very distinct are all true. Descartes starts his proof by dividing thought into four categoriesideas (concepts), volitions (choices), emotions (desires), and judgments (beliefs). He then breaks down these categories to discover which type/s of thoughts can yield error. The first thing to realize is that there is no error in an idea. Error can occur only in the judgment of whether the idea is true or false. For example, I may have an idea of what it would be like to burn my finger, but that idea has no rightness or wrongness until I make a judgment as to whether I believe or disbelieve the idea. In other words, having an idea is one thing, but believing it is something different. Concerning emotions and volitions, these forms of thought do not give way to any error either since we can desire or choose anything and not find any error in the fact that I desire it or choose it. Next, Descartes discusses where ideas come from, namely, inside ourselves (innate or invented) and outside ourselves (adventitious). Innate, or inborn, ideas include my understanding of what a thing is, what truth is, and what thought is (38). These ideas are considered innate because the understanding seems to be resulting simply from my own nature. They are in no way derived. When my senses (seeing, hearing, feeling, etc.) come into play, I develop an idea adventitiously. For example, if I were sitting by a fire, I would feel the heat of the flames. Feeling or having the idea of the heat was not something I decided to do from within; therefore, it must have come from something other than myself (i.e. the fire). Last but not least, some ideas are made up in my own mind. For instance, I have developed an image of my grandfather who passed away long before I was born. I have never actually seen him, but I invented an idea of him. Descartes utilizes another rule in his thought process in addition to the one stated previouslyobjective reality cannot exist without formal reality. By this he means that an idea cannot originate without a cause. Formal reality is characteristic of things and ideas have formal reality because they are states of mind. Objective reality is when things or ideas are representational of other things. Ideas automatically have objective reality since the idea represents some reality. Also, the more perfect ideas cannot come from the less perfect. This is known as the Causal Principle and is more properly stated as there must be as much reality in the total and efficient cause as in the effect. He explains that those ideas in us that obviously do not have formal reality, such as a mermaid, are merely combinations of other formal realities (a woman and a fish) and thus do not invalidate the rule. Another important explanation to note is the difference between being an idea and being the oppo site of an idea. For example, heat is an idea and cold is simply the lack of heat. The idea of cold is dependent on the idea of heat. Now Descartes has established the rules by which to lay down his argument. He then explains that he knows that he is imperfect due to the fact that he has doubts. Clearly, knowing is more perfect than doubting. From this notion, he

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Stem Cell in the Philippines Essay Example for Free

Stem Cell in the Philippines Essay As time goes by, there seems to be a gradual influence of modern sensibility on the way humans perceive the concept of health. In fact, nowadays, there seems to be a blurring of the line between health and wellness. Because of this, it is inevitable that in a modern society, people are now being more conscious with their body and their health is now being a worrisome for them. Thus, science, especially the field of medicine and health sciences, has permeated popular culture in a sense that people have already treated health as a â€Å"religion†. A perfect example of this phenomenon is the rising popularity of stem cell technology because it has already become a transnational activity and issue. Because of this technology’s transnational influence, governments around the world have been very supportive of it. And now, this transnational activity has entered the Philippine healthcare and medical discourse, and issues in its funding are arising. Although stem cell technology is a relatively new and promising technology which will help address health concerns in the country, the federal funding of this technology will only be a burden for the government for it is not a necessity, has questionable benefits, and is impractical and not practicable. This paper, then, seeks to determine the origin of how the concept of stem cell entered the Philippine health and medical discourse as well as issues regarding the federal funding of stem cell research and technology in the country. Furthermore, the writer wants to state that although this paper is arguing that the government should not fund stem cell research in the country, this paper is not trying to argue on the necessity, beneficiality, practicality, and practicability of stem cell research and technology in general, or should it be implemented in the country without federal funding. Also, although some issues of bioethics are going to be tackled in this paper, the writer does not intend to side on certain beliefs of some culture or religion. The discussion on the ethical issues affiliated with the federal funding of stem cell research and technology are entirely made on a social, political, and economic basis. But before the paper begins on enlisting the arguments against the federal funding of stem cell research and technology in the country, it will first provide a background of how it came to the Philippine context. Starting now from what was stated in the introduction, that modern sensibility has gradually influenced people’s perception of the concept of health, it is important to note that with modern technology it has provided an avenue for medical research to continuously uncover new facts and principles that build upon existing knowledge to modify the way we think about biological processes (Trounson xix). In relation to this, throughout the age of medical research, it can be inferred that the reason why there is a continuous activity regarding medical research is because there is a growing interest among scientists in the discovery of new and revolutionary methods of treating certain illnesses that are difficult to be treated in the present like cancer, diabetes, and other degenerative illnesses. It is true that after the nineteenth century, it was thought that â€Å"germs† are the main causes of death among Americans in terms of health-related deaths. But with the birth of the twentieth century and the booming twenties, there has been a paradigm shift in trying to find out the causes of health-related casualties. It was believed then that as generations come, people will be more conscious to degenerative illnesses than that of infectious diseases. Since then, there have been many studies that try to give cure to these degenerative illnesses like cancer, diabetes, etc. And yes, there have been successful discoveries, and there are some failures or â€Å"still ongoing† studies like the attempt to find the cure for diabetes. These then, can be the rationale behind the endless string of studies in the field of medicine and health sciences. However, it is also without doubt that the reason why scientists are so interested with medical research is that, in a social context, the field of medicine and health sciences tries to give pertinent solutions to the people’s needs, wants, and interests in having a healthy lifestyle, being safe from diseases, and in having a beautiful and healthy body. It is intriguing, though, to know that medical research is also being influenced by the interest of the people, of the mass to be more specific. From this, we can then assume that health has been popularized already. In fact, after the first half of the twentieth century, in the final phase of the popularization of health, masses of Americans took a special interest in health as shown in their willingness on spending dramatically increased amounts of money for their health, not only on medical care but gymnasium and similar group memberships and paraphernalia as well to be able to have a healthy lifestyle, thereby blurring the line between health and wellness (Burnham 67). It is then without doubt, according to Trounson that â€Å"in the history of science, certain discoveries have indeed transformed our thinking and created opportunities for major advancement, and so it is with the discovery of stem cell technology†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (xix). Indeed, if there is to be an example of how the field of health and medicinal sciences became popularized, it is the rise of the stem cell. It was November of the year 1998 that stem cell came to the scene of health in popular culture. There were separate announcements in this time by two groups of medical researchers, lead by James A. Thomson of the University of Wisconsin and John Gearhart of the John Hopkins University School of Medicine, about the isolation of the human stem cell. That’s why recently there has been an increased interest among professionals and the public for the stem cell technology other than any fields in biology. But why is there such an interest in stem cell? The ability of the stem cell to provide an in-depth understanding of the biology of the cell and its promising abilities in the field of medicine are the reasons why stem cell is what getting the imagination of the scientists. They are interested in the stem cell because of its property of self-renewal (the ability to produce cells identical to the mother cell) and the ability to make differentiated cells (daughter cells that have limited and focused potential) (Melton and Cowen xxiii). It is a relatively new and promising technology that can lead to the cure for diabetes and more advanced treatment of cancer and other degenerative illnesses. Furthermore, there is a possibility that through regenerative medicine that makes use of stem cell, cancer and heart disease can now be cured. But what makes stem cell technology a buzz among the public is because it has been a hit in the field of cosmetology for stem cell technology can prevent body aging. Also, through the popularization of the stem cell, there have been certain hypotheses that stem cell technology can prolong someone’s life span compares to the average human life span. Because of the popularization of stem cell, it is without doubt that it will become a global issue. Its impact has made transnational influence already. It is because presently, science is a transnational activity – the work and research of scientists have no national boundary (Savulescu and Saunders c3). However, the regulation of science is still being placed under national jurisdiction. It is often that there are different laws and ethical standards in each country, and of course, transnational studies in science are being affected. This implies that there are â€Å"some fundamental cultural, social, [political], and economic forces that drives controversy and conflict, not only in the United States, but in Europe and elsewhere† (Green 265). Due to this, there have been suggestions from different groups from the scientific community specializing in stem cell research and technology that there should be a regulation of stem cell research in different countries because of the potential of this technology especially if the administrations will give importance for the politics of public health (Savulescu and Saunders c3). Later on, because of this transnational influence, there has been a steadfast support from governments all over the world for stem cell technology and in the effort of making stem cell research and technology a transnational activity, also due to the transnational collaboration of scientists from different countries to impart among themselves knowledge about stem cell technology. One of these countries is the United States which pioneered research in this field, where modern medical techniques were developed using this technology. In fact, stem cell research has a long history already in the US. There have been debates regarding the ethical issues associated with stem cell technology, specifically the use of human embryonic stem cells, and issues regarding the federal funding of stem cell research and technology. Only last 2009, US President Barack Obama approved the bill amending the federal funding of stem cell research and technology in the US. It is also important to note that other countries in Asia and other third world countries have been influenced by this transnational activity. In 2004, three private stem cell banks were established in South Africa. Even though, these banks were private, the government has shown interest and support for these private research entities and stem cell research as well because of the Human Tissue Act that allows the use of human embryos that are not more than 14 days old in their research projects. Last March 2012, a group of scientists from the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research in South Africa was able to produce pluripotent stem cells – a feat and a first from a third world country. Meanwhile in Asia, legislation was passed in China that allows the stem cell research and India, another third world county in Asia, has now launched programs using stem cell technology. Singapore is now known as Asia’s Stem Cell Center, where more than forty groups of researchers are to be found, some of it are funded by the government. The Philippines is no exception. A third world country from South East Asia, the country has proved that we are not to be left behind in terms of medical development. Stem cell technology was introduced to the Philippines as a technology used in the medical field of cosmetology. A few examples of the usage of this technology in this field are the alteration or surgery of certain body parts like the nose or breasts and the age-defying medications that fight off skin or body aging. However, discoveries that are exchanged through transnational studies brought to the Philippines some breakthroughs in the use of stem cell technology. That’s why some groups of specialists from the country has already joined the transnational activity that is collaborative stem cell research and used the discoveries in stem cell research in other medical fields other than cosmetology. The group of specialists from the National Kidney and Transplant Institute pioneered the use of stem cell in transplantation in 1990. From then on, the institution has strived to raise the standards of stem cell technology through providing modern facilities and continuous research in the field especially in its usage in Dendritic Cell Vaccine Therapy in collaboration with the Lung Center of the Philippines. Another spearheading group in the field of stem cell technology in the country is the group from The Medical City where they used their discoveries to be the pioneers in the medical technique of personalized molecular medicine in the country through their Regenerative Medicine Program that is lead by Dr. Joyce Bernal. Other groups that have explored stem cell technology in the country are the groups from St. Luke’s Medical Center, Eye Institution, and the Makati Medical Center. Notice that all of the institutions mentioned are private institutions. It is with no doubt that the government might have an interest in a public stem cell center. The interest was then materialized on September 13, 2011 when House Bill No. 5287 or the Stem Cell Center of the Philippines Act of 2010 was passed to the congress. The house bill, introduced by Rep. Carmelo Lazatin, states that a government-run stem cell center has to be established in the country that will be the premier center for research and technology applications of stem cell which will be, in essence, funded by the government. However, we need not to follow the United States in federally funding stem cell research and technology in the country. That although stem cell technology will help address health concerns in the country, the federal funding of the technology will only be a burden fir the government for it is not a necessity, has questionable benefits, and is impractical and not practicable. Firstly, the federal funding of stem cell research is not a necessity. The government has more pressing concerns that should be prioritized first in the health care system. Instead of building new facilities for a single stem cell center, why not improve the infrastructures of public health institutions? We need more public hospitals, especially in the provinces and rural areas where access to medical assistance is scarce, that are also well-equipped with modern advances in medicine and have competitive health workers. This way, we’re already hitting two birds with one stone. Not only that the government is providing more health facilities for the people, but it is also providing jobs for practitioners in medicine like doctors, nurses, midwives, and etc. as well. Through this, the government is making a small step towards lessening underemployment in the country and the number of health professionals that have to work abroad. Also, the government has to address issues regarding the PhilHealth system. According to the Philippine Health System Review, although estimates of PhilHealth coverage of the population vary, there are legitimate concerns that the amount of financial protection provided by the county’s largest insurance program is actually small, at least relative to its infrastructure and available resources (Romualdez et al. 36-39). In addition to this, the government has to financially support instead research in the advanced treatment of epidemic diseases that are more rampant in the country especially among the poor. Secondly, the federal funding of stem cell technology has questionable benefits. The fact the government will fund stem cell research will do ensure that stem cell treatment may be open to the public at a lower price. However, stem cell treatment is not the same for anyone, thus, there will be different processes such that because stem cell treatment must be a personalized treatment, but this will require a lot of costs because specialists will then have to prepare different treatments for different patients. Even so, that the treatment may be open to the public at a lower price might affect the quality of the treatment because (1) price tag may limit potential scope of stem cell treatment, particularly if treatments are individually customized, which may be necessary and (2) such limitations might lead to further problems and will have to require financial support again. Furthermore, Evert and Zavarzadeh argue that: â€Å"†¦[B]ut public funding is itself the immediate form of surplus labor in conducting stem cell research†¦Those who use the excuse of the usefulness of stem cell research for curing illnesses argue that public funding (the social surplus) but privatize its cost of new research (funding it through people’s taxes) but privatize its profits. The new procedures/medicines that will be developed will then be patented by these companies and sold at a high profit back to the people who have provided the funding (through their taxes) for these discoveries.† (116) Indeed, since the government will have to fund a costly research, there will be no choice left than to spend a considerable part of the taxes collected from the public for stem cell research which then raises the question: Who are the actual beneficiaries of federal funding of stem cell research then? Thirdly, the federal funding of stem cell technology is impractical and not practicable because the facilities and technology required in making sure that an advance science like stem cell technology meets high standards are definitely going to be of high maintenance and expensive value. According to a press release of the Department of Health last September 4, 2012 in its website, DOH Secretary Enrique T. Ona announces the proposed 2013 budget of the department. He announces that there is an increase for this year’s healthcare budget. Furthermore, he emphasizes that the budget is allotted in line with the administration’s effort to alleviate poverty, thus the imperative implementation of the Kalusugan Pangkalahatan by the department. He further broke down the components of the budget. He emphasized that 69% of the budget will be used for priority projects, and that the budget will ensure the enrolment of indigenous families under the healthcare system. Moreover, part of the budget is to address concerns regarding the improvement of current medical facilities and work force from the barangay up to the regional level especially in rural areas. Concerns regarding immunization and infectious diseases will be addressed by the budget as well. Ona ends the press release by stating that the budget will help the nation achieve its Millennium Development Goals, and further suggests that to further bolster the sustainability of the budget, the Senate has to pass into legislation the tobacco and alcohol excise tax reform bill and the reproductive health (RH) bill. Ona emphasized in the press release that 69%, a big part of the budget, will be used to address priority projects, activities, and programs in support of KP of the DOH. The following programs are as follows: Subsidy for Health Insurance Premium payment of indigent families to the National Health Insurance Program, Health Facilities Enhancement Program, Implementation of the Doctors to the Barrios and Rural Health Practice Program, Family Health including Responsible Parenting, Expanded Program on Immunization, National Pharmaceutical Policy Development including provision of drugs and medicines, medical and dental supplies to make affordable quality drugs available, Tuberculosis Control, the elimination of diseases as public health threats such as malaria, schistosomiasis, leprosy and filariasis, other infectious diseases and emerging diseases including HIV/AIDS, dengue, food and water-borne disease, and Rabies Control Program. Notice that the programs that are to be prioritized by the majority of the budget are the timely concerns in the health sector in the country. The researcher argues that the remaining percentage of the budget will be unable to financially support the implementation of the Stem Cell Act, and that to include the proposal to the priority programs will be impractical for the research itself is quite inconclusive and will be not practicable for it is an expensive technology. Furthermore Ona said at the press release that, â€Å"It is imperative for us to support the proposed DOH 2013 budget in order to build on the health gains of 2010-2012 and continue the direct, immediate, and substantial health benefits for our people, especially the poor.† Thus, the current proposed budget for the Department of Health is already spot-on on addressing the priorities of the government for the health sector. Without a doubt, stem cell technology is a high maintenance and expensive technology, thus efforts on trying to keep up with certain standards will significantly diminish the budget. However, as Ona said that â€Å"it is an imperative†¦to support the proposed DOH 2013 budget,† with the remaining percentage of the budget in support of other projects, federal funding of stem cell technology seems not practicable. Moreover, stem cell technology has yet inconclusive results that doesn’t address the more pressing concerns in the context of the Philippine health setting – that is, it cannot cure epidemic diseases like malaria, dengue, and typhoid fever which are more rampant in the country. Further on, there are a few select professionals that specializes in stem cell technology, thus the government still need to provide training for certain health professionals so that they can specialize in stem cell technology and treatment for the proposed public stem cell center which, in essence, is an additional expenditure. In the end, the conditions and standards set by stem cell research and technology do not fit in the context of the Philippine health setting. Besides, with the rising protest against stem cell technology because of it not being in tune with the established norms and ethical standards in the country, it will be better off that the government should not fund it because the country is still amidst debates between the implementation of certain bills that go against the foundations of moral standards in the country. Works Cited Burnham, John C. How Superstition Won and Science Lost: Popularizing Science and Health in the United States. New Brunswick: Rutgers, the State Univeristy, 1987. Print. Department of Health, Republic of the Philippines. DOH 2013 Budget Promises Better Health for All Filipinos. Department of Health. Department of Health, Republic of the Philippines, 4 Sept. 2012. Web. 28 July 2013. . Ebert, Teresa L. and Mas’ud Zavarzadeh. Class in Culture. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers, 2008. Print. Green, Ronald M. â€Å"Embryo as Epiphenomenon: Some Cultural, Social, and Economic Forces Driving the Stem Cell Debate.† Global Bioethics: Issues of Conscience for the Twenty-First Century. Ed. Ronald M. Green, Aine Donovan, and Steven A. Jauss. New York: Oxford University Press Inc., 2008. 265. Print Melton, Douglas and Chad Cowen. â€Å"Stemness: Definitions, Criteria, and Standards†. Essentials of Stem Cell Biology. By Robert Lanza, et al. 2nd ed. Toronto: Elsevier Inc., 2009. xxiii. Print. Republic of the Philippines. Cong. House. Rep. Carmelo Lazatin. An Act Establishing Stem Cell Center of the Philippines and Strengthening Research on Stem Cell Technology. 15th Cong., 2nd Sess. HR 5287. Quezon City: Philippine Congress, 2011. Print. Romualdez, Alberto G., Jr., et al. â€Å"The Philippines Health System Review.† Health Systems in Transition 1.2 (2011). 36-39. Print. Savulescu, Julian and Rhodri Saunders. â€Å"The Hinxton Group Considers Transnational Stem Cell Research.† Hastings Center Report 36.1 (2006). c3. Print. Trounson, Alan. â€Å"Why Stem Cell Research.† Essentials of Stem Cell Biology. By Robert Lanza, et al. 2nd ed. Toronto: Elsevier Inc., 2009. xix. Print.